Masonry: Truss And Ladder Masonry Ties

So the horizontal reinforcing in CMU and brick, it either comes in the form of a truss tie or a ladder tie. So here's a truss tie. It looks like this. It looks like a truss coming out of the CMU, and it has these eye hooks to which we're going to attach the brick and the cavity wall, etc. So here's the truss tie, and here's the ladder tie. It just is missing that diagonal. The truss tie is more rigid, and therefore it's better for shear. It holds the wall together much better, but the ladder tie is more flexible. It's not as rigid, doesn't have that diagonal, and so it is better in a seismic zone because it gives a little bit more and allows some differential movement. So here's this hook to position the rebar, then they're going to fill it with grout. And here we have a wall section that shows some kind of bituminous layer on the CMU, followed by rigid insulation. And typically, there's the eye hooks sticking out. And then the brick is attached with the eye hooks right here, for example. So, or maybe in this image with the insulation on the wall and then spray-on insulation and then the hooks that attach the brick to the CMU backup. So those are horizontal reinforcing and typically these truss tie and ladder ties are placed every 24 inches, therefore three layers of CMU, the backup, the CMU layer. And so every three courses of CMU it's going to get a truss tie or a ladder tie and then you attach the brick accordingly. Okay, I think that's good enough for this topic.